Frances was only a month into her job at the Food and Drug Administration when she refused to sign off on a morning sickness drug called thalidomide. Her decision saved thousands of children from serious birth defects and led to new safety standards for prescription drugs. Hailed as a hero in the U.S., JFK gave her the President's Award.
Diego Rivera included only one woman in his famous 1940s mural commemorating innovators in cardiology – Dr. Maude Abbott, a Montreal-based international authority on cardiac disease. First woman to get a BA at McGill University and only woman in her class in medical school.
Elizabeth fought her way into medical school and became a hero in women’s health both for delivering babies as a family doctor for 70 years, and for preventing unwanted pregnancies as medical director of Canada’s first birth control clinic in Hamilton. She accepted the post when birth control was illegal.
Bacteriologist Dr. Ruth Ella Moore was the first African-American woman in the U.S. to earn a PhD in the natural sciences, and the first African American of any gender to earn a PhD in Bacteriology. Her dissertation on the bacteria causing Tuberculosis led to treatments for Tuberculosis - then the second leading cause of death in the U.S.
Trudy was an American biochemist and pharmacologist who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize for developing, groundbreaking new drugs to treat leukemia in children, malaria, lupus, hepatitis, arthritis, gout, organ transplant rejection and herpes. In retirement she helped create AIDS drug AZT.
The second female African-American doctor in the U.S., Rebecca created - way back in 1873 - the Women’s Directory Center which specialized in offering legal and medical services for poor women and children, often in their clients’ own homes.
Her study of genetic mutations in corn and maize led to her discovery of “jumping genes” - and allowed scientists to understand how bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics and even how cancer cells can invade healthy cells. Barbara won the first unshared Nobel Prize in medicine ever awarded to a woman.
Born a high-caste Hindu woman in Bombay, Anandibai Joshi realized that she wanted to study medicine after her first baby died. Anandibai was just 13 at the time. In 1886, she became the first Indian woman to earn a medical degree in America. (Queen Victoria sent her a congratulatory message.)
Angela discovered and developed a class of drugs called aromatase inhibitors, which are among the leading therapies against breast cancer.
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